Counselling Theories for Cognitive Therapy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCounselling Theoriesfor Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Answer: Introduction Psychology is one of the key parts in the medical study. It involves the study of human minds and its functions, especially which are affecting behavioural attributes of people. With the enhanced rate of psychological issues throughout the world, the psychological therapies have also evolved, focusing more on patients holistic assessment and client centred approach, all of which ultimately leads to the improved quality of care provision and better health outcomes of the patient. In this regards, several psychologists have demonstrated different modalities for treating different cases (McLeod, 2011). It is the responsibility of the psychologist to analyze a patient case and identify the appropriate treatment modality, which would gain the maximum benefit for the patient. In this assignment, the key focus is a 50 years old lady, named Jane, who is suffering from depression. Thus, analyzing her case, appropriate modality would be selected for improving her mental and behavioural status. In this assignment, the key focus is a 50 years old lady, Jane has been undergoing depression. Jane is becoming unsocial, which is one of the elements needed to be considered throughout her treatment. In the case scenario, Jane has been shown to be divorced with two adult children, who do not live with Jane. Janes history also showed that she has been taking care of her paralyzed mother since she was 29, after the car accident of Janes mother and father, which killed her father. Now, the concern is that Jane has become isolated and becoming depressed day by day (Corey, 2015). Jane was a nurse and left her profession, once her mother became paralyzed, for taking proper care of her. However, now she wants to start her career again, but thinks that it is too late for her to start afresh, as she is afraid of being social and her ability to meet the requirements of the new practice. Once her GP referred to a psychotherapist, the initial step towards her care is to identify the best suited treatment modality for Jane. Cognitive behavioural therapy is one of the key psychological treatment modality that focuses upon the modification of clients negative patterns in cognition, including thoughts, emotional regulation, beliefs and attitudes, by development of personal coping strategies, targeting the current problems. The CBT is the mostly used evidenced based practice, being implemented in psychological treatments. This treatment modality is different than the historical psychotherapy approaches, as it is characterised as problem focused and action oriented (Laska, Gurman Wampold, 2014). The treatment modality believes that thought distortions and maladaptive behaviours play a significant role in developing and keeping the psychological disorders to progress; awareness and teaching new information processing skills along with appropriate coping mechanisms are assoc iated with distress. CBT has represented potential efficiency in psychological treatments including depression, bipolar disorder and others. In this context, Janes case scenario is showing that she is significantly dealing with negative thoughts and feelings, which is hindering the development of self-esteem regarding the beginning of her career and socialization. CBT has shown significant efficiency in treating depression in several cases, which are evident in several previous literatures. In this context, the CBT therapy would help Jane to modify her negative feelings and thought towards positive thinking pattern, which would in turn help her to start her career again (Clemens Notman, 2012). As CBT deals with negative cognitions, which is the key hindrance in Janes case study, it is appropriate modality for Jane, by helping her to recognize the connection between their thoughts, feelings and behaviours, to dispute/replace irrational or distorted thinking and to choose healthier, more adaptive behaviou rs. It would help Jane to become concern about self-care and becoming more social. In contrast to CBT, another option is there for Jane, which is the psychoanalysis modality. The psychoanalysis modality focuses upon understanding the unconscious psychological processes, which are determining the thoughts, feelings, actions and behavioural attributes of a person. This is a traditional therapy that helps to determine and link these unconscious processes to the client with the psychological issues the client is experiencing (Norcross, VandenBos Freedheim, 2011). This therapeutic modality seeks the psychotherapist to observe specific behavioural patterns of the client carefully, which helps to trace the source of behaviour or feeling back to its origin and provide the client with the perspective on the current situation of patient. According to the CBT perspective, Jane is having negative patterns of thoughts, feelings and cognition, which are hindering the development of Janes confidence to return to her professional field again. Thus, she needs support and proper communication, for influencing her positive cognition by diminishing her negative cognition. The CBT therapy would promote Jane to adopt coping mechanisms, through which she would be able to modify her negative cognitions towards the positive one (Watts et al. 2013). For this, significant emotional support and empathy is required from the professionals side. On the other hand, according to the psychoanalysis modality, through careful observation, the source of her behaviour and negative attitude towards her wish to return to her professional field needed to be identified first. Here, according to Janes scenario, there are several factors contributing to Janes behaviour or attitude. For instance, she is isolated, her children live away from her and she has lost ample amount of time for developing her career. Thus, these are the reason behind her current symptoms of depression and other negative thoughts. However, these factors are considered as the unconscious factors, contributing to her mental health issue, in contrast to the CBT therapy, which considers these factors as the conscious processes, contributing to her current health status (Thoma et al. 2012). Thus, the approaches of these two thematic modalities are different. While working with Jane, it is important to choose and implement the best psychological treatment modality. In this context, comparing psychoanalysis and CBT for Janes case is important. However, it is difficult to compare these two long term treatment modalities, as CBT and psychoanalysis differs in frequency of sessions and duration of treatment. CBT has been proven for the ability of relapse prevention; however, psychoanalysis is only focused upon the analysis of unconscious behavioural patterns, which takes significant amount of time (Kramer et al. 2013). However, there are also similarities within these two treatment modalities. For instance, CBT and psychoanalysis both are based on the modifying the behavioural patterns of the patient, which are associated with the negative mental health issues. Both of these treatment modalities include a thorough analysis of the patients case and communication is the key tool for both of the process. Both of the treatment modalities set therapeutic sessions, based on the patients situation and psychological issues (Leuzinger-Bohleber, 2014). CBT sessions are aimed at short term solution, which will help Jane to take steps regarding her career as soon as possible. Jane is already started to assume that she has been too late to go back to her professional field. CBT directly hits her negative thoughts, which are enhancing her fear, isolation and depressive symptoms. However, CBT also promotes Janes self care related skills and encourage her positive behaviour, which are required for Jane as she lives alone and need to take care of her own. However, psychoanalysis promotes the analysis of unconscious behaviour, but these are not present in the conscious status, thereby making the assessment and observation start. It is also time consuming, which is not adequate for Janes faster recovery and relapse prevention (Lichtenberg, 2013). Therefore, comparing the evidence based efficacy of both of the treatments for Janes case, the CBT is more suitable for Jane to mitigate her issues in current context. CBT creates a direct link with Janes behaviour with her negative and dysfunctional thinking patterns. Here, in Janes case, it has been seen that isolation and other key negative factors contributed to impair her sense of self; she thinks that she is incapable of meeting her professional standards, which is making her depressed day by day. In this context, CBT sessions would help Jane to provide moral support and empathy, CBT will highlight the positive behavioural patterns that Jane needs to cope with, instead of identifying the unconscious negative thinking patterns, which may demotivate her about herb disabilities. Moreover, combination of some depression related medication along with CBT may show the best result, as claimed by (Watts et al. 2013). In conclusion, it has been revealed that the implementation of psychological modalities may vary from person to person. Thus, prior implementing one, the psychotherapist needs to assess the patients case thoroughly. Here, in Janes case study, cognitive behavioural therapy and psychoanalysis, these two treatment modalities have been analysed in Janes context. Further, the differences and similarities among these two treatment modalities have been demonstrated. Finally, the best method for Jane have been identifying by analyzing the suitability of both of the psychological treatment modality for Jane. Based on existing evidences and Janes overall medical status, CBT have been selected as the most suitable modality for Jane. Reference List Clemens, N. A., Notman, M. T. (2012). Psychotherapy and psychoanalysts in psychiatric residency training.Journal of Psychiatric Practice,18(6), 438-443. Corey, G., (2015).Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Nelson Education. Kramer, U., de Roten, Y., Perry, J. C., Despland, J. N. (2013). Change in Defense Mechanisms and Coping Patterns During the Course of 2-YearLong Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis for Recurrent Depression: A Pilot Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of nervous and mental disease,201(7), 614-620. Laska, K. M., Gurman, A. S., Wampold, B. E. (2014). Expanding the lens of evidence-based practice in psychotherapy: a common factors perspective.Psychotherapy,51(4), 467. Leuzinger-Bohleber, M. (2014). Depression and trauma: The psychoanalysis of a patient suffering from chronic depression: An exemplary case study based on the three levels of clinical observation applying the method of psychoanalytic expert validation.Time for change: Transformations in psychoanalysis. London: Karnac. Lichtenberg, J. D. (2013).Psychoanalysis and motivation(Vol. 10). Routledge. McLeod, J. (2011).Qualitative research in counselling and psychotherapy. Sage. Norcross, J. C., VandenBos, G. R., Freedheim, D. K. (2011).History of psychotherapy: Continuity and change. American Psychological Association. Thoma, N. C., McKay, D., Gerber, A. J., Milrod, B. L., Edwards, A. R., Kocsis, J. H. (2012). A quality-based review of randomized controlled trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression: an assessment and metaregression.American Journal of Psychiatry,169(1), 22-30. Watts, S., Mackenzie, A., Thomas, C., Griskaitis, A., Mewton, L., Williams, A., Andrews, G. (2013). CBT for depression: a pilot RCT comparing mobile phone vs. computer.BMC psychiatry,13(1), 49.