The Growth Of The Eurodollar Market Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

With the globalization of financial markets, the growth of the international capital markets becomes rapidly, especially the Eurocurrency and Eurobond markets. A Eurocurrency is a dollar or other freely convertible currency deposited in a bank outside its country of origin. The prefix Euro as used here has nothing to do with the currency known as the euro or with Europe. Such as, the U.S dollars on deposit in banks outside the United States are called Eurodollar. Eurodollars are not under the jurisdiction of the Federal Reserve. As long as the U.S dollar was the worlds main means of international payments, the Eurodollar became the dominant Eurocurrency in the financial market. The Eurodollar first came about in 1957 because of the cold war. After the Second World War, the quantity of U.S dollars outside the United States increased enormously. As a result, enormous sum of U.S dollars were in the custody of foreign banks outside the United States. During the cold war pe riod, the Soviet Union feared that its deposits in North American banks would be frozen as retaliation. It decided to move some of its holdings to the Moscow Narodny Bank, which is a Soviet owned bank with a British charter. The British bank would then deposit that money in the US bank. There would be no chance of confiscating that money, because it belonged to the British bank and not directly to the Soviets. On February 28, 1957, the sum of $800,000 was transferred, that creating the first Eurodollar. At first the Eurodollar was only in European nations but because of the large commercial deficits of the United States the Eurodollar market quickly expanded worldwide. The growth of the Eurodollar Market is caused of the restrictive U.S government policies.  These policies include reserve requirements on deposits, special charges and taxes, required concessionary loan rates, interest rate ceilings, and rules which restrict bank competition. Such as Regulation Q of the Federal R eserve System, which fixed the rates of interest, paid on time deposits but did not apply to time deposits owned by foreign accounts. Competition among New York banks led returns on such deposits in 1958 and 1959 to rise one-fourth of 1 percent above the Regulation Q ceilings. This induced banks in London to bid for dollar deposits, which they conceded to New York. European lenders and borrowers in dollars also found it convenient to trade in dollars in London rather than New York, because of the identity of the time zones, without the need to limit trading to the few hours a day when Europe and U.S. banks were open simultaneously. Through the 1960s, the Eurodollar market grew rapidly. Currencies other than dollars were traded outside their domestic markets. London was at the centre of the Eurodollar market at that time. Depositors consist mainly of Europe central banks, firms, and individuals in the United States and in third world countries. In the 1970s, the practice of accept ing deposits in U.S. dollars and other non-local currencies spread to banks in Singapore and Hong Kong. As long as the banks outside of the United States offer convenience and smaller spreads than U.S domestic banks. The Eurodollar market continues to thrive. The most important characteristic of the Eurodollar market is that loans are made on a floating rate basis. The benchmark lending rate for Eurodollar became know as dollar LIBOR (London Interbank Offer Rate). This is also called as the Eurodollar rate, which is a zero coupon dollar benchmark interest rate that is quoted for various period such as overnight, one month, three month, six month and one year. Interest rates on loans to governments and their agencies, corporations and nonprime banks are set at a fixed margin above the LIBOR for the given period and currency chosen. At the end of each period, the interest for the next period is calculated at the same fixed margin over the new LIBOR. Fro example, if the margin is 60 basis points and the current six month LIBOR is 3%, and then the borrower is charged 3.6% for the upcoming period. Since the late 1980s, the London interbank offered rate has become less important as a benchmark for lending money in the Eurocurrency market, in much the same way that the prime rate is no longer the all-important benchmark in the U.S bank loan market. Although Eurocurrency rates are still computed off LIBOR, a number of creditworthy borrowers (such as Denmark, Sweden, several major corporations, and some banks) are obtaining financing in the Eurocurrency markets at interest rates well below LIBOR. For example, high-quality borrowers at the London interbank bid (LIBID) rate, which the rate paid by one bank to another for a deposit. LIBID is about 12.5 basis points below LIBOR. The high-quality borrowers, such as the World Bank, can raise funds at below LIBID. This trend largely reflects the fact that the ability of banks to impose themselves as the credit yardstick by which all other international borrowers are measured had faltered. The LIBOR also used as a reference rate for Eurodollar contracts. The Eurodollar futures contracts are traded at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) in Chicago. They are the worlds most heavily traded short term interest rate futures contracts and extend up to ten years. Each CME Eurodollar futures contract has a face value of $1,000,000. Though the leverage used in futures allows one contract to be traded with a margin of about $1,000. The CMEs Eurodollar futures contracts are based on three month U.S dollar LIBOR rates. The price of a Eurodollar futures contract is defined to be 100.00 minus the three month LIBOR on the contract settlement date. For example, an anticipated annualized interest rate of 5% will translate to a futures price of 95.00. On the expiry day of the contract, the contract is valued using the current fixing of three month LIBOR. From the example we can see at the expiration, if the interest rate raises 1%, the value of the futures contract will be quoted at 94.00. The buyer will compensate the seller $2,500 for one of $1,000,000 valued contract, and vice-versa. Thus the appropriate hedging position can be used to deliver a cash flow that compensates the hedger for the change in interest rates that occurs between the trade date and the settlement date. However, since futures contracts are marked to market daily by the clearing house of the exchange these transfers actually occur incrementally through the period between the trade date and the delivery date and not just on the delivery date. From the principle of how the Eurodollar futures contract works, we can find out if the yield raises the price of the futures contract will falls and vice-versa. Therefore, if you believe that interest rate will fall, you would then buy a CME Eurodollar futures contract because you expect the contract price to rise. And vice-versa, if you believe rate will rise, you would sell or short-sell a CME Eurodollar futures contract because you expect the contract price to fall. This retains the normal inverse relationship between the price and the yield of interest rate securities. However, the bond convexity is not maintained due to the pricing of the Eurodollar contracts in yield terms. In recent years, the global economic is in recession. There is so much uncertainty in todays financial market. Therefore, it is important for investors to properly analyze, not only market environment, but also their investment goals. Especially invest in currency market, that always with large potential risk.

Castillo Surname and Family History

The Castillo surname often denoted someone who lived at or near a large fortified building or a worker in a castle, derived from castillo (Latin castellum), meaning castle. It may also be a habitational name from one of the many places with castillo in their name. Castillo is the 25th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings:  CASTILLA, CASTILLOS, CASTEL, CASTELLO, CASTEEL, CASTILLO, CASTELA, CASTILLE, CASTIGLIONI, CASTIGLIONE, CASTILLION Famous People with the Surname CASTILLO Frank Castillo - American professional baseball playerOtto Renà © Castillo - Guatemalan poet and revolutionaryRandy Castillo - American rock drummer (best known as Ozzy Osbournes drummer) Where is the CASTILLO Surname Most Common? Castillo is the 232nd most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution data from Forebears. It is a prevalent name in many Spanish-speaking countries, including Mexico (the 25th most common last name), Venezuela (14th), Peru (18th), Guatemala (11th), Dominican Republic (14th), Chile (19th), Ecuador (25th), and Spain (44th). WorldNames PublicProfiler  doesnt include data from as many countries but does include both Argentina and Spain, where the Castillo surname is very popular. In Spain, Castillo is found in the greatest numbers in the Cantabria region, followed by Andalucia, Castilla-La Mancha, and La Rioja. Castillo is also very prevalent in the Gran Chaco, Patagonia, and Argentine Northwest regions of Argentina. Genealogy Resources for the Surname CASTILLO Castillo  Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Castillo  family crest or coat of arms for the Castillo surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.The Castillo DNA Project: Individuals with the Castillo surname are invited to join this DNA project in order to  work together to find their common Castillo ancestry through DNA testing and sharing of information.CASTILLO Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on the descendants of Castillo ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Castillo ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.  FamilySearch - CASTILLO Genealogy: Explore over 3 million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Castillo surname on thi s free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.CASTILLO Surname Mailing List: A free mailing list for researchers of the Castillo surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages.GeneaNet - Castillo Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Castillo surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Castillo Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Castillo surname from the website of Genealogy Today.Ancestry.com: Castillo Surname: Explore over 3.5  million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Castillo surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com. ----------------------- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

History of Fairy Tales within Victorian Society Essay

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Puritans viewed fairy tales as inappropriate literature because they believed fairy tales to be a form of witchcraft. The attitude toward fairy tales soon changed when the Brothers Grimm published their two-volume collection called Kinderund Hausmarchen or German Popular Stories. Overnight, fairy tales became an acceptable form of literature. This sudden popularity raises some related questions: What are the reasons behind the increased popularity of fairy tales? What function did fairy tales play in Victorian society? Is there a connection between fairy tales and the Victorian social issues? This paper will examine the discourse of fairy tales through a historical lens to reveal how the†¦show more content†¦Puritans were distrustful of fairy tales because they â€Å"corrupt English citizens with their unrealistic† (Evans and Onorato 1) views of life although the tales promoted Christianity and Christian values of the church . Toward the end of the nineteenth century, fairy tales re-emerge from the underground in England due to the Romantics Movement who began to revalue imagination and fantasy. Different from the scientific and rational thought of the Enlightenment, the Romantic Movement emphasized emotion, passion, love, and fear, an environment in which fairy tales would thrive. The Romantic Movement questions the social constraints of the Puritan society that served as the catalyst for the rise of the fairy tale genre in England. Fairy tales and their symbolism provided the Romantics the opportunity and freedom to challenge the perceptions of the practical and traditional religion. As the industrial revolution progressed, Victorians became aware of the power that fairy tales have as the voice of the people, questioning the established rules, government, and industry believed to improve their lives. Not until the publication of the German Popular Stories which challenged the anti-fairy tale movement did fairy tales become an acceptable literary form. Victorian citizens realized that the stringent rules, training, and literature used to fashion healthy adults were â€Å"dulling their senses andShow MoreRelatedThe Lady Of Shalott Essay1059 Words   |  5 Pagessocial change. Nevertheless it wasn’t until the 1800s that widespread awareness began to st ir for women’s rights. So it was little wonder that the rapidly growing controversy embedded itself into much of the Victorian literature. Writer Lord Alfred Tennyson used a romanticized time in history to highlight a political issue of his era. Chivalry and knights are commonly associated with this time by modern readers, creating the ideal contrast for Tennyson’s literary work. Taking place in the medievalRead MoreSocial Control through Works of Fiction1390 Words   |  6 Pages Vampire stories have universal themes that provide the backbone for every dark tale. The unholy essence that any vampire story provides sets the stage for the message that the Church is the way of life and will save you from creatures of evil. From in class readings, we can see all the major religious themes of the classic vampire story. The common religious theme is the abscess of light is the absence of holiness and is the path to eternal damnation. Darkness is the prime universal fear of humanityRead MoreDifferent Times, Different Ideals1267 Words   |  6 Pagesin our history that women were not valued for anything other than their sexual function, and they were expected to quietly tumble into the social image men created for them. Racism also was commonplace and widely accepted, and violence was a casual occurrence of life then. This time period is known as the Victorian Era. A very widely known children’s book today was actually written during this time period by J.M. Barrie – Peter Pan. This novel created for children contains the Victorian Era’s sociallyRead MoreTime Burton ´s Gothic Fantasy: Representing the Victorian Culture through Animation and Parody2590 Words   |  11 Pages4.1 Tim Burton’s Gothic Fantasy: Representing the Victorian Culture through Animation and Parody Film adaptations based on particular works such as Dickens’s Great Expectations are not the only means through which we get a glimpse of Victorian culture and society. Animated films such as Tim Burton’s Corpse Bride (2005) represent the Victorian era through humor and exaggeration and reveal Burton’s awareness of 19th century English society. In his study Gothic Fantasy: The Films of Tim Burton, EdwinRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pages1. Introduction 3 2. Early History 6 The Greek and Roman Eras: 50 B.C.-A.D. 500 6 The Middle Ages: 500-1500 6 The Renaissance: 1500-1650 7 The Rise of Puritanism and John Locke: Late 1600s 8 3. Beginning of Children’s Literature: Late 1700s 10 4. Fairy and Folk Tales 12 The Golden Age of Children’s Literature: Late 1800s 12 5. Victorian Childrens Literature 16 6. Contemporary Childrens Literature 18 6. Analysis of Harry Potters’ series 21 7. Conclusion 30 8. Summary 31 Children’s Literature DefinitionsRead MorePost-Modern Victorian: A. S. Byatts Possession1439 Words   |  6 PagesPost-Modern Victorian: A. S. Byatts Possession If I had read A. S. Byatts novel Possession without having had British Literature, a lot of the novels meaning, analogies, and literary mystery would have been lost to me. The entire book seems one big reference back to something weve learned or read this May term. The first few lines of chapter one are poetry attributed to Randolph Henry Ash, which Byatt wrote herself. Already in those few lines I hear echoes of class, lines written inRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations2277 Words   |  10 PagesAlthough Charles Dickens’ classic novel Great Expectations was published in 1861, modern-day playwrights, authors, and directors go to great lengths to preserve its timelessness. Many of these writers feel that the best way to keep the novel relevant to society is to alter the original novel to make it culturally relevant or acceptable. The idea of cultural studies in regards to literature and literary criticism began in the 1950s and â€Å"involves viewing and analyzin g practically any recorded phenomenon, presentRead MoreFreedom : A Fable Of The Gallery s At The Walker Art Center988 Words   |  4 Pagesa bound book, offset lithograph on woven paper, illustrated with pop-up laser-cut paper renditions of Ms. Walker’s famous silhouettes. At first glance, it appears to be a vintage children’s book, but in retrospect Freedom: A Fable is far from a fairy tale or happily ever after. The subject matter exhibited in this representational work of art is four people that are gathered around rigid rocks. The two figures on the left are black, young-adult women, and a younger black boy on the right is lookingRead MoreEssay Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre as a Cinderella Story2469 Words   |  10 Pagesof Cinderella. There are several versions of this popular fairy--tale. At the time Bronte’s novel was published, the Grimms’ book of tales, which included Cinderella, was very popular. According to Sally Mitchell, The serious interest in folklore was spurred by the translation, in 1823, of the stories collected by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. A version of Cinderella was also written by Charles Perrault. Both Perrault’s and the Grimms’ tales have a place in Bronte’s narrative. There is no specific evidenceRead MoreManga and Anime947 Words   |  4 Pages American comic books began around the early 1930’s. They were mainly comprised of a collection of comic strips. It’s been established that manga has a history that dates back to the twelfth century. American animation and anime are more recent in both histories. They both began in the early 1900’s. The difference in Japanese culture within manga and anime needs to be better appreciated. The American ideal of happy ever after is much different than Japan’s daily life ideals. American creators

What I Chose Electrical Engineering - 2053 Words

Well here it is, the senior project. The assignment everyone dreads, however, the assignment that must be completed in order to graduate. With that in mind, I have been giving much thought and research into what I want to accomplish after high school, and I believe that I have found a career that I will enjoy, a college I wish to attend, and a location I would like to live in. No plan is ever perfect, but my hope is that I can be prepared for the future which is approaching rapidly. First things first, I chose electrical engineering as my career, mostly in my interest of computers and physics. As an electrical engineer I’ll design, develop, test, and maintain electrical and electronic devices; use computers and engineering software to†¦show more content†¦Farnsworth (T.V). The design, construction and manufacturing of useful devices and systems began with the implementation of Michael Faraday’s Law, one of the fundamental laws in electrical engineering, that states that the voltage in a circuit is proportional to the rate of change in the magnetic field through the circuit (www.livescience.com â€Å"What is Electrical Engineering?† by Jim Lucas) I chose electrical engineering for several reasons. One, I like to investigate stuff and figure out how it all works, and I have always had an interest in computers which function on electricity. I also love subjects such as Physics, Chemistry, Algebra, and Trigonometry. I began considering engineering last year when I took an elective, Intro to Engineering, it was comprised of hands-on projects that I worked on and tried to make work. I loved the hands on approach it was fun and I learned a ton of useful skills and information. As for picking the electrical part, that was as simple. Ever since I was little I have loved computers I used them mostly for video games, but I was always curious as to their inner workings. I have had the enlightening experience of building my own personal computer from scratch. I went out bought the parts and carefully, as to not damage the delicate parts, put it together, installed my operating system, and now enjoy my own computer. This only made me more interested as to how allShow MoreRelatedThe Engineering Field : Chemical, Civil, Electrical, And Mechanical Engineering1215 Words   |  5 Pages Activity 1.6 Discover Engineering Gunnar Kroencke Block 2 Introduction What is engineering? Many people have difficulty answering this question. In fact, engineering is a diverse field – there are many disciplines within engineering that can involve the application of a very different body of knowledge and skills. Nearly everything that is not â€Å"natural† (i.e., created by Mother Nature) most likely was designed and created with input from engineers. The shampoo you used this morning to washRead MoreThe Golden Path After Graduating1298 Words   |  6 Pagesyour job. The job that you will work for from after university graduating until the rest of your life. What the student choose something that he like but there are no good salary for this job? That means that he chose poorly. Some people might have the chance to fix their majors while other people continue because they don’t have the real chance to change their nature of their work. Alramadan chose his major poorly, but he had the chance to fix his mistake. He finished two years of diploma degreeRead MoreTaking a Look at Architectural Engineering628 Words   |  3 PagesDiscover Engineering Did you know that those people who you see working on a building aren’t engineers, those are what you call construction workers they don’t design engineers are the ones who design and make life easier. Engineering is the part of making knowledge of pure sciences, and math as construction of engines things we use on a daily base According to (dictionary.com).Did you know that the four main types of Engineers are Chemical Engineer, Civil engineering, Electrical engineeringRead MoreDiscover Engineering: Architectural Engineering 1245 Words   |  5 PagesDiscover Engineering Engineering is the study of scientific, economic and much more explain more about what It is. Engineer’s incorporate ideas from other people and start to build off of them. They have the ability to take something that has already been invented and build from it to innovate the object that was already built and make it better. In Engineering there are four major disciplines which are: chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. EngineeringRead MoreEngineering : An Essential Pillar For Industrial And Technical Development1463 Words   |  6 PagesEngineering has always been an essential pillar for industrial and technical development. Engineering is what keeps our people moving and up-to-date with technology. It is a satisfying career, both financially and mentally. The objective of this assignment is to interview a practicing Engineer who has worked or is working in the area of project management. This assignment provides a glan ce for future engineers into the daily routine of a professional and experienced Engineer, and the approach he/sheRead MoreGraduation Speech : Electrical Engineering883 Words   |  4 Pagesy proposed major is Electrical Engineering. Picking a noteworthy is significantly more confused than simply choosing what I need to be. There are numerous variables to consider before I chose to pick one specific major. I trust that picking a noteworthy ought to be Based on what we are occupied with learning, furthermore the most ideal approach to take in is from our experience. In light of that conviction, I trust that my encounters in the past were the best impression of my advantage. Most imperativeRead MoreA Report On The Engineering Of Technology And Science1119 Words   |  5 PagesRamya Eluri, ramyaeluri93@yahoo.com Sarada Institute of Technology and Science- Khammam Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University- Hyderabad Statement of purpose My engineering education challenged me to reach for the stars. And one day I found myself standing on the moon... Gene Cernan, Commander, Apollo XVII From my early childhood I am interested to study in an environment that encourages creativity and fosters innovation. This juvenile attraction slowly metamorphosed into a more mature respectRead MoreDiscover Engineering: Aeronautical Engineering755 Words   |  3 PagesDiscover Engineering: Aeronautical Engineering Engineer combines the field of science and math to solve real world problems to make it a better place (Google Definition). 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Also, I continually find myself in the middle of playing an instrument, or painting, and wonder, â€Å"why do I enjoy doing this?† I can never exactly pinpoint the initial push to do something creative; it just happensRead MoreHow I Become An Electrician1125 Words   |  5 PagesHow to Become an Electrician Last summer, I worked for an electrician company that helped open my eyes to all the possibilities that I could do in the world, and becoming an electrician was one of them. Since I have worked at the company, becoming an electrician is definitely something I want to learn more about. In this essay, I want to further my knowledge on how to become an electrician by uncovering the process that I need to know to become one. Also, the difference between choosing to become

Hurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina Essay - 2191 Words

Jordyn Patton Mr. Johnson History 4/28/16 On August 29, 2005, people’s lives were about to change forever. A vicious storm called Hurricane Katrina was about to sweep through the Gulf Coast. Not only was this storm big, but it was the 5th greatest hurricane in the history of the United States, and took millions of people by surprise. This storm ruined people’s homes, and lives in less than 24 hours, and nothing would ever be the same again. It seemed like any normal day for people all over the Gulf Coast, until they get the news of a soon coming hurricane that is ranked at a category 3, but would soon change into a category 5 hurricane called Hurricane Katrina. This storm would ruin homes, kill innocent lives, and leave people struggling to survive for years to come. This storm would change the way people look at storms. There was chaos around the country as people were evacuating and preparing for the storm. People were warned about 2 days before the storm actually hit. Everyone in New Orleans was ordered to l eave for the NWS predicted that the city would be flooded and inhabitable for weeks after. In New Orleans the Superdome would serve as a shelter for anyone who couldn’t leave. 112,000 people had no cars, and decided to take shelter and wait out the storm in their homes. 10,000 people took shelter in the Superdome which did end up being good shelter, and protection. The population in New Orleans went from 484,674 before the storm to 230,172 after the storm. ThatShow MoreRelatedHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina1798 Words   |  8 Pagesdictate an outcome in any given situation, which holds no difference in the the results of Hurricane Katrina, the response between organizations that contributed to one of the greatest natural devastations to occur in the United States, outcome of recovery efforts and obstacles if any, lessons learned, and recommendations and/or improvements to be made to prevent such a disaster from occurring again. Hurricane Katrina was a storm that took us by surprise, impacting Mississippi and Louisiana where damagesRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina762 Words   |  4 PagesHurricane Katrina Scandal Without doubt, Hurricane Katrina has been the major catastrophe of the century suffered in the United States. The category 5 hurricane which at first was on course to hit Florida drifted into the Gulf of Mexico taking a direct route to New Orleans. On his way, the hurricane left hundreds of dead, affected hundreds of thousands and left billions of dollars in damage. The largest number of deaths occurred in New Orleans where the hurricane hit the hardest and which was floodedRead MoreThe Devastation Of The Hurricane Katrina1837 Words   |  8 PagesStates of America, Hurricane Katrina was known as one of the worst hurricanes in the world. The hurricane was a combination of tropical waters and gushing winds. It was the vicious hurricane that caused severe damage to the citizens of the United States of America. The amazing city known for its southern style, Cajun cuisines, jazz music and its celebration of Mardi Gras will never be the same. New Orleans, Louisiana was changed forever in August 2005 when this category five hurricane left the city devastatedRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina2083 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Hurricane Katrina is known for being the most dangerous and murderous hurricane that occurred on August of 2005. It was formed by a tropical wave that moved from the coast of Africa to the Gulf Coast. According to hurricanes they are distinguished by five different categories, the fifth being the strongest. The tropical wave turned into a hurricane under the fifth category that destroyed thousands of homes and killed thousands of people. Hurricane Katrina destroyed New Orleans hardestRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina1355 Words   |  6 PagesHurricane Katrina Natural disaster often happens anywhere in the world, However we may have time to evacuate if we get warnings such as earthquakes, tsunami etc. Hurricanes happen without having time to let people evacuate. This report will provide information about the hurricane Katrina that took place in August 28 2005. This report will provide information from different source that is provided online and in the library which will show information before the storm and flooding, during the stormRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina1928 Words   |  8 PagesHurricane Katrina A study has shown throughout the years the effects of hurricane Katrina can still be seen. The death toll of this hurricane alone was devastating and left many people homeless, more than 800,000 housing units were destroyed or damaged in the storm. As stated, â€Å"Katrina is the costliest U.S hurricane, with estimated damage over $81 billion.† http://www.hurricanescience.org/history/studies/katrinacase/impacts/. After the effects of this catastrophic storm, the red-cross had an enormousRead MoreHurricane Devastation Of Hurricane Katrina1807 Words   |  8 PagesHurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest hurricanes in United States history. Hurricane Katrina was by far the most destructive storm to strike the United States with the actual cost of Hurricane Katrina’s damage between $96-125 billion. An estimated 1,836 people died and millions of others were left homeless along the gulf coast and in New Orleans. With homes virtually destroyed, thousands of people abandone d the area which in turn caused thousands of jobs to disappear. New Orleans lost 190,000Read MoreEssay on The Cause of the Devastation of Hurricane Katrina927 Words   |  4 Pageshistorical event of Hurricane Katrina, a category three hurricane with winds ranging from 111-130 mph, in August 2005 revealed major structural failures in the levee systems of New Orleans. Though not all structural failures are as catastrophic, the breeched levees led to loss of life, homes, businesses, highways, and left a trail of destruction that is still being repaired today. The result of this failure led to lawsuits, conspiracy theories, and court cases. Hurricane Katrina had a major effectRead MoreTaking a Look at Hurricane Katrina615 Words   |  3 PagesHurricane Katrina will always be remembered for the devastation it caused, my close friends, the Adams family knows this better than anyone else. My family has been close friends with the Adams for nearly my whole life, the thing that stood out about them the most was their passion to help others and their obsession for the New Orleans Saints. The Adams have numerous relatives who live in Louisiana, including their parents on the father’s side. The parents live just twenty minutes south of New OrleansRead MoreEmergency Planning And Response Plan1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdevastating disasters which have been witnessed and catalogued; with concentration on hydrologic incidents, of which the most notorious being the tropical hurricane. Although through the recorded history there have been a multitude of severe impacts and landfalls of tropical hurricanes, in recent times the most memorable is Hurricane Katrina. This storm devastated the greater New Orleans area and the outlining communities surrounding the area, and emphasized the problematic areas of their emergency

Counselling Theories for Cognitive Therapy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCounselling Theoriesfor Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Answer: Introduction Psychology is one of the key parts in the medical study. It involves the study of human minds and its functions, especially which are affecting behavioural attributes of people. With the enhanced rate of psychological issues throughout the world, the psychological therapies have also evolved, focusing more on patients holistic assessment and client centred approach, all of which ultimately leads to the improved quality of care provision and better health outcomes of the patient. In this regards, several psychologists have demonstrated different modalities for treating different cases (McLeod, 2011). It is the responsibility of the psychologist to analyze a patient case and identify the appropriate treatment modality, which would gain the maximum benefit for the patient. In this assignment, the key focus is a 50 years old lady, named Jane, who is suffering from depression. Thus, analyzing her case, appropriate modality would be selected for improving her mental and behavioural status. In this assignment, the key focus is a 50 years old lady, Jane has been undergoing depression. Jane is becoming unsocial, which is one of the elements needed to be considered throughout her treatment. In the case scenario, Jane has been shown to be divorced with two adult children, who do not live with Jane. Janes history also showed that she has been taking care of her paralyzed mother since she was 29, after the car accident of Janes mother and father, which killed her father. Now, the concern is that Jane has become isolated and becoming depressed day by day (Corey, 2015). Jane was a nurse and left her profession, once her mother became paralyzed, for taking proper care of her. However, now she wants to start her career again, but thinks that it is too late for her to start afresh, as she is afraid of being social and her ability to meet the requirements of the new practice. Once her GP referred to a psychotherapist, the initial step towards her care is to identify the best suited treatment modality for Jane. Cognitive behavioural therapy is one of the key psychological treatment modality that focuses upon the modification of clients negative patterns in cognition, including thoughts, emotional regulation, beliefs and attitudes, by development of personal coping strategies, targeting the current problems. The CBT is the mostly used evidenced based practice, being implemented in psychological treatments. This treatment modality is different than the historical psychotherapy approaches, as it is characterised as problem focused and action oriented (Laska, Gurman Wampold, 2014). The treatment modality believes that thought distortions and maladaptive behaviours play a significant role in developing and keeping the psychological disorders to progress; awareness and teaching new information processing skills along with appropriate coping mechanisms are assoc iated with distress. CBT has represented potential efficiency in psychological treatments including depression, bipolar disorder and others. In this context, Janes case scenario is showing that she is significantly dealing with negative thoughts and feelings, which is hindering the development of self-esteem regarding the beginning of her career and socialization. CBT has shown significant efficiency in treating depression in several cases, which are evident in several previous literatures. In this context, the CBT therapy would help Jane to modify her negative feelings and thought towards positive thinking pattern, which would in turn help her to start her career again (Clemens Notman, 2012). As CBT deals with negative cognitions, which is the key hindrance in Janes case study, it is appropriate modality for Jane, by helping her to recognize the connection between their thoughts, feelings and behaviours, to dispute/replace irrational or distorted thinking and to choose healthier, more adaptive behaviou rs. It would help Jane to become concern about self-care and becoming more social. In contrast to CBT, another option is there for Jane, which is the psychoanalysis modality. The psychoanalysis modality focuses upon understanding the unconscious psychological processes, which are determining the thoughts, feelings, actions and behavioural attributes of a person. This is a traditional therapy that helps to determine and link these unconscious processes to the client with the psychological issues the client is experiencing (Norcross, VandenBos Freedheim, 2011). This therapeutic modality seeks the psychotherapist to observe specific behavioural patterns of the client carefully, which helps to trace the source of behaviour or feeling back to its origin and provide the client with the perspective on the current situation of patient. According to the CBT perspective, Jane is having negative patterns of thoughts, feelings and cognition, which are hindering the development of Janes confidence to return to her professional field again. Thus, she needs support and proper communication, for influencing her positive cognition by diminishing her negative cognition. The CBT therapy would promote Jane to adopt coping mechanisms, through which she would be able to modify her negative cognitions towards the positive one (Watts et al. 2013). For this, significant emotional support and empathy is required from the professionals side. On the other hand, according to the psychoanalysis modality, through careful observation, the source of her behaviour and negative attitude towards her wish to return to her professional field needed to be identified first. Here, according to Janes scenario, there are several factors contributing to Janes behaviour or attitude. For instance, she is isolated, her children live away from her and she has lost ample amount of time for developing her career. Thus, these are the reason behind her current symptoms of depression and other negative thoughts. However, these factors are considered as the unconscious factors, contributing to her mental health issue, in contrast to the CBT therapy, which considers these factors as the conscious processes, contributing to her current health status (Thoma et al. 2012). Thus, the approaches of these two thematic modalities are different. While working with Jane, it is important to choose and implement the best psychological treatment modality. In this context, comparing psychoanalysis and CBT for Janes case is important. However, it is difficult to compare these two long term treatment modalities, as CBT and psychoanalysis differs in frequency of sessions and duration of treatment. CBT has been proven for the ability of relapse prevention; however, psychoanalysis is only focused upon the analysis of unconscious behavioural patterns, which takes significant amount of time (Kramer et al. 2013). However, there are also similarities within these two treatment modalities. For instance, CBT and psychoanalysis both are based on the modifying the behavioural patterns of the patient, which are associated with the negative mental health issues. Both of these treatment modalities include a thorough analysis of the patients case and communication is the key tool for both of the process. Both of the treatment modalities set therapeutic sessions, based on the patients situation and psychological issues (Leuzinger-Bohleber, 2014). CBT sessions are aimed at short term solution, which will help Jane to take steps regarding her career as soon as possible. Jane is already started to assume that she has been too late to go back to her professional field. CBT directly hits her negative thoughts, which are enhancing her fear, isolation and depressive symptoms. However, CBT also promotes Janes self care related skills and encourage her positive behaviour, which are required for Jane as she lives alone and need to take care of her own. However, psychoanalysis promotes the analysis of unconscious behaviour, but these are not present in the conscious status, thereby making the assessment and observation start. It is also time consuming, which is not adequate for Janes faster recovery and relapse prevention (Lichtenberg, 2013). Therefore, comparing the evidence based efficacy of both of the treatments for Janes case, the CBT is more suitable for Jane to mitigate her issues in current context. CBT creates a direct link with Janes behaviour with her negative and dysfunctional thinking patterns. Here, in Janes case, it has been seen that isolation and other key negative factors contributed to impair her sense of self; she thinks that she is incapable of meeting her professional standards, which is making her depressed day by day. In this context, CBT sessions would help Jane to provide moral support and empathy, CBT will highlight the positive behavioural patterns that Jane needs to cope with, instead of identifying the unconscious negative thinking patterns, which may demotivate her about herb disabilities. Moreover, combination of some depression related medication along with CBT may show the best result, as claimed by (Watts et al. 2013). In conclusion, it has been revealed that the implementation of psychological modalities may vary from person to person. Thus, prior implementing one, the psychotherapist needs to assess the patients case thoroughly. Here, in Janes case study, cognitive behavioural therapy and psychoanalysis, these two treatment modalities have been analysed in Janes context. Further, the differences and similarities among these two treatment modalities have been demonstrated. Finally, the best method for Jane have been identifying by analyzing the suitability of both of the psychological treatment modality for Jane. Based on existing evidences and Janes overall medical status, CBT have been selected as the most suitable modality for Jane. Reference List Clemens, N. A., Notman, M. T. (2012). Psychotherapy and psychoanalysts in psychiatric residency training.Journal of Psychiatric Practice,18(6), 438-443. Corey, G., (2015).Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Nelson Education. Kramer, U., de Roten, Y., Perry, J. C., Despland, J. N. (2013). Change in Defense Mechanisms and Coping Patterns During the Course of 2-YearLong Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis for Recurrent Depression: A Pilot Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of nervous and mental disease,201(7), 614-620. Laska, K. M., Gurman, A. S., Wampold, B. E. (2014). Expanding the lens of evidence-based practice in psychotherapy: a common factors perspective.Psychotherapy,51(4), 467. Leuzinger-Bohleber, M. (2014). Depression and trauma: The psychoanalysis of a patient suffering from chronic depression: An exemplary case study based on the three levels of clinical observation applying the method of psychoanalytic expert validation.Time for change: Transformations in psychoanalysis. London: Karnac. Lichtenberg, J. D. (2013).Psychoanalysis and motivation(Vol. 10). Routledge. McLeod, J. (2011).Qualitative research in counselling and psychotherapy. Sage. Norcross, J. C., VandenBos, G. R., Freedheim, D. K. (2011).History of psychotherapy: Continuity and change. American Psychological Association. Thoma, N. C., McKay, D., Gerber, A. J., Milrod, B. L., Edwards, A. R., Kocsis, J. H. (2012). A quality-based review of randomized controlled trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression: an assessment and metaregression.American Journal of Psychiatry,169(1), 22-30. Watts, S., Mackenzie, A., Thomas, C., Griskaitis, A., Mewton, L., Williams, A., Andrews, G. (2013). CBT for depression: a pilot RCT comparing mobile phone vs. computer.BMC psychiatry,13(1), 49.

Diary of a Synesthete free essay sample

My favorite number is papaya whip orange and my favorite letter is rose quartz red. I have recently come to realize that perhaps synesthesia is the reason why I spoke my first phrases at the age of eight months old, and why I am fluent in five languages. For as long as I can remember, linguistics has been my forte. Lately I have wondered what I would be like without synesthesia; would I be able to think about things that I do not have words for, or would I just not think them because I lacked words for them? This fear of not being able to adequately express myself has encouraged me to appreciate the power of writing. After reading Vladimir Nabokov’s autobiography, I discovered how similar the author and I are. As a child, learning new languages nourished Nabokov’s delight in sounds and colors the way they nourish mine; in fact, words and colors are the reason I’ve learned to understand the subtleties of different cultures and create literary works of my own. We will write a custom essay sample on Diary of a Synesthete or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At six months old, I began to utter the red cadmium hues of Russian to my parents in order to get what I wanted. My Chilean daycare teacher taught me her mikado yellow songs and rolled her â€Å"r†s in Tiffany blue. Because I associate letters and numbers with colors, my transition into a French grade school wasn’t very difficult, and by the age of six I was already proficient in three languages. As kindergarten began, my days switched off between French and English classes. On auburn red Monday, amber orange Wednesday, and Carolina blue Friday, I’d learn the chocolate sounds of French, and on jasmine yellow Tuesday and shamrock green Thursday, I’d transition into the vanilla cadence of English. After having taught myself the new dialects of Bulgarian and Ukrainian with the help of my knowledge of their Slavic cousin, I entered high school with a myriad of colors in my mind, giving me an advantage in finding a passion for reading and writing. As kids dreaded the readings and essays in English and humanities, I had the enjoyment of painting pigments of words in my mind and translating them onto paper. Reading novels in their original languages abolishes the threat of anything being lost in translation. Russian literature such as The Brothers Karamazov introduced me to existential philosophy and free will while showing me the bureaucracy of the social reform under which my parents lived. French literature such as Waiting for Godot taught me about tragicomedy and the ideas of religion and absurdity, just as English literature such as Beowulf showed me that humanity is privileged because humans have the power to compose and recite language, and that is what distinguishes us from â€Å"the other.† Languages have exposed me to a variety of cultural ideologies and encouraged me to take advantage of the pigments in my mind to create my own art. Oh, and in case you were wondering, my favorite number is six and my favorite letter is Q.